# Awesome IndieWeb [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge.svg)](https://awesome.re)

> A curated list of protocols, platforms, services, libraries, and tools for publishing and owning an independent personal website — on your own domain, with durable URLs, connected to the rest of the web through open standards.

The [IndieWeb](https://indieweb.org/) is not a product, a social network, or an official stack. It is an approach centered on **publishing first in a space you control** (normally your own domain), keeping URLs durable, and connecting that site to the wider web through open standards.

This list spans both resources **native to the IndieWeb** (standards and building blocks) and **adjacent** tools that solve important parts of the problem well. Statuses change fast — confirm recent releases, docs, and export procedures before adopting a critical component.

## Contents

- [Directories and Awesome Lists](#directories-and-awesome-lists)
- [Protocols and Formats](#protocols-and-formats)
- [IndieWeb Platforms](#indieweb-platforms)
- [Content Management Systems](#content-management-systems)
- [Static Site Generators](#static-site-generators)
- [Git-Based and Visual Editors](#git-based-and-visual-editors)
- [Domains and Hosting](#domains-and-hosting)
- [Servers, TLS and Deployment](#servers-tls-and-deployment)
- [Microformats and Validation](#microformats-and-validation)
- [Webmention and Interactions](#webmention-and-interactions)
- [Identity, Authentication and Security](#identity-authentication-and-security)
- [Micropub and Publishing Clients](#micropub-and-publishing-clients)
- [Feeds, Readers and Microsub](#feeds-readers-and-microsub)
- [Syndication, Bridges and Fediverse](#syndication-bridges-and-fediverse)
- [Search, Discovery and Webrings](#search-discovery-and-webrings)
- [Comments, Forms, Newsletters and Analytics](#comments-forms-newsletters-and-analytics)
- [Media, Bookmarks and Archives](#media-bookmarks-and-archives)
- [Preservation, Backup and Monitoring](#preservation-backup-and-monitoring)
- [Design, Accessibility and Performance](#design-accessibility-and-performance)
- [Community and Inspiration](#community-and-inspiration)
- [Learning Web Development](#learning-web-development)
- [IndieWeb Architecture](#indieweb-architecture)
- [Recommended Stacks](#recommended-stacks)
- [Choices by Need](#choices-by-need)
- [Contributing](#contributing)

## Directories and Awesome Lists

- [IndieWeb Standards](https://spec.indieweb.org/) - Compact portal to the most-used specs: Webmention, Micropub, IndieAuth, Microsub, microformats.
- [IndieWeb Projects](https://indieweb.org/projects) - Official map of platforms, services, libraries, and experiments built or used by the community.
- [Category: Building Blocks](https://indieweb.org/Category%3Abuilding-blocks) - Index of the identity, publishing, reading, interaction, and syndication building blocks.
- [IndieWeb Guide](https://indieweb.guide/) - A progressive, friendlier guide than the wiki for starting a site and adding capabilities.
- [Getting Started](https://indieweb.org/Getting_Started) - Community roadmap for getting a domain, hosting, home page, and your own presence.
- [Indie Dev Toolkit](https://github.com/thedaviddias/indie-dev-toolkit) - Broad collection of tools for independent developers (domains, content, metrics, operations).
- [Awesome Selfhosted](https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted) - Huge catalog of self-hosted software; excellent source for comments, readers, media, analytics, and archives.
- [Awesome Static Generators](https://github.com/myles/awesome-static-generators) - Comprehensive list of static site generators, themes, editors, and hosts.
- [Jamstack Generators](https://jamstack.org/generators/) - Searchable directory to compare generators by language, framework, and popularity.
- [Awesome RSS](https://github.com/AboutRSS/ALL-about-RSS) - One of the largest collections on RSS: readers, generators, bridges, and discovery tools.
- [Awesome ActivityPub](https://github.com/BasixKOR/awesome-activitypub) - Map of Fediverse servers, libraries, and clients for connecting your own site via ActivityPub.
- [Alternative Internet](https://github.com/redecentralize/alternative-internet) - Decentralization projects, alternative networks, identity, and publishing outside big platforms.
- [Awesome Decentralized Web](https://github.com/gdamdam/awesome-decentralized-web) - Distributed and peer-to-peer tech for exploring frontiers beyond conventional IndieWeb.
- [Awesome CMS](https://github.com/postlight/awesome-cms) - Catalog of traditional, headless, Git-based, and API-driven content management systems.
- [Awesome Personal Websites](https://github.com/logancyang/awesome-personal-websites) - Gallery of personal sites to study structure, content, navigation, and visual identity.
- [awesome-fediverse](https://github.com/emilebosch/awesome-fediverse) - Curated list of Fediverse software and resources, closely tied to the decentralization ethos.
- [awesome-digital-gardens](https://github.com/kyrose/awesome-digital-gardens) - Curated list of digital gardens and tools for building your own.
- [awesome-nostr](https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr) - Directory of projects and resources on the decentralized Nostr protocol.
- [awesome-atproto](https://github.com/awesome-atproto/awesome-atproto) - Curated list of tools built on the AT Protocol (Bluesky).
- [awesome-search-engines](https://github.com/prirai/awesome-search-engines) - Catalog of independent, privacy, and niche search engines; a jumping-off point for small-web discovery.

## Protocols and Formats

- [Webmention](https://www.w3.org/TR/webmention/) - W3C Recommendation for one site to notify another that it linked to it, enabling replies, likes, mentions, and distributed conversations.
- [Micropub](https://www.w3.org/TR/micropub/) - W3C API to create, edit, and delete posts from clients that are independent of the CMS.
- [IndieAuth](https://indieauth.spec.indieweb.org/) - Identity and authorization protocol based on the user's own URL.
- [microformats2](https://microformats.org/wiki/microformats2) - HTML class conventions that make people, posts, events, and interactions machine-readable without separating data from the page.
- [h-card](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-card) - Format for a person's or organization's name, photo, URL, and details; the site's identity card.
- [h-entry](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-entry) - Format for posts, notes, articles, photos, replies, likes, and other content.
- [h-feed](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-feed) - Container for a sequence of `h-entry` items so an HTML page can also be read as a feed.
- [Microsub](https://indieweb.org/Microsub-spec) - Splits the subscription server from the reading client, mirroring what Micropub does on the publishing side.
- [WebSub](https://www.w3.org/TR/websub/) - Delivers near-real-time feed updates via a publisher–hub–subscriber architecture.
- [JF2](https://www.w3.org/TR/jf2/) - Simplified JSON representation of data derived from microformats2.
- [RSS 2.0](https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification) - Feed format with near-universal compatibility and low implementation cost.
- [Atom](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4287) - IETF-standardized feed format, stricter than RSS on identifiers, dates, and extensibility.
- [JSON Feed 1.1](https://www.jsonfeed.org/version/1.1/) - Convenient JSON feed for modern apps and integrations; complements rather than replaces RSS/Atom.
- [OPML 2.0](http://opml.org/spec2.opml) - List format to export and import subscriptions between readers; essential for portability.
- [POSSE](https://indieweb.org/POSSE) - "Publish on your Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere": your site is the origin, external networks get copies or links.
- [rel-me](https://microformats.org/wiki/rel-me) - `rel="me"` convention linking your profiles bidirectionally to prove a site is yours; basis of RelMeAuth and Mastodon verification.
- [Pingback](https://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback) - The XML-RPC linkback predecessor to Webmention; useful for backward compatibility and context.
- [Vouch](https://indieweb.org/Vouch) - Webmention extension where the sender includes a trusted third-party `vouch` URL so receivers can safely accept mentions from strangers.
- [Salmention](https://indieweb.org/Salmention) - Chained Webmention pattern that propagates thread updates (comments, likes, RSVPs) so all participants' copies stay in sync.
- [Post Type Discovery](https://www.w3.org/TR/post-type-discovery/) - W3C Note defining an algorithm to derive a post's type (note, article, reply, like, RSVP) from its microformats2 properties.
- [Private Webmention](https://indieweb.org/Private-Webmention) - Combines Webmention with IndieAuth/AutoAuth so private posts can notify recipients who then authenticate to fetch content.
- [IndieAuth Ticket Auth](https://indieweb.org/IndieAuth_Ticket_Auth) - IndieAuth extension that pushes an access "ticket" to another site's endpoint for private or reciprocal access without interactive login.
- [h-event](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-event) - microformats2 vocabulary for events (name, start/end, location) consumable by calendars and parsers.
- [h-review](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-review) - microformats2 vocabulary for structured reviews (rating, item, author).
- [h-recipe](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-recipe) - microformats2 vocabulary for recipes (ingredients, yield, duration, instructions).
- [h-cite](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-cite) - microformats2 vocabulary for citing external works; backbone of reply-context, bookmarks, and quotations.
- [h-product](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-product) - microformats2 vocabulary for describing products (name, price, brand, identifier).
- [h-resume](https://microformats.org/wiki/h-resume) - microformats2 vocabulary for publishing a machine-readable resume or CV.
- [NodeInfo](https://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/) - Standardized `.well-known` endpoint exposing a server's software, version, and capabilities; used across the Fediverse for discovery.

## IndieWeb Platforms

- [Micro.blog](https://micro.blog/) - Hosted service with custom domain, feeds, clients, community, and many IndieWeb features; the easiest on-ramp with no server admin.
- [Known](https://github.com/idno/idno) - PHP social-publishing platform implementing several IndieWeb standards.
- [microblog.pub](https://github.com/tsileo/microblog.pub) - Single-user Python server with ActivityPub, Micropub, IndieAuth, and Webmention; bridges IndieWeb and Fediverse.
- [Indiekit](https://getindiekit.com/) - Modular Node.js server that receives Micropub and publishes to Git, filesystem, or other content stores.
- [Dwell](https://github.com/zoglesby/dwell) - Personal app built with IndieWeb technologies; a good architecture reference.
- [IndieWeb for WordPress](https://wordpress.org/plugins/indieweb/) - Aggregator plugin and entry point to configure identity, Webmention, Micropub, and compatible themes in WordPress.
- [IndieWeb for Drupal](https://www.drupal.org/project/indieweb) - Module integrating IndieWeb technologies into Drupal.
- [GoBlog](https://github.com/jlelse/GoBlog) - Go blog application with Webmention, Micropub, IndieAuth, feeds, and multiple post types.
- [Koype](https://indieweb.org/Koype) - Personal social hub that aimed to concentrate publishing, identity, and interactions.
- [Sweetroll](https://indieweb.org/sweetroll) - Personal software inspired by blogroll and social reading.
- [Publ](https://github.com/PlaidWeb/Publ) - File-based dynamic CMS with categories and templates, used on varied personal sites.
- [Taproot](https://indieweb.org/Taproot) - PHP personal platform whose open parts influenced IndieWeb implementations.
- [Dobrado](https://indieweb.org/dobrado) - Multi-user PHP/JS CMS built for simple publishing and decentralized social features.
- [Bundle](https://indieweb.org/Bundle) - Python/Django toolset built for a personal site; parts may inspire your own implementations.
- [Falcon](https://indieweb.org/Falcon) - The system running tantek.com; demonstrates a long-lived IndieWeb architecture.
- [Hollo](https://docs.hollo.social/) - Single-user, headless ActivityPub microblog built on Fedify; run a personal Fediverse identity on your own domain.
- [Postmarks](https://github.com/ckolderup/postmarks) - Single-user, self-hosted del.icio.us-style bookmarking site that federates over ActivityPub.
- [Site.js](https://sitejs.org/) - Small-tech tool to develop and host a personal site with automatic TLS and single-command deploy.
- [Smallweb](https://www.smallweb.run/) - CGI-inspired personal cloud where each subdomain maps to a folder of Deno code.
- [twtxt](https://twtxt.readthedocs.io/) - Decentralized, minimalist microblogging built on a single plain-text file served from your own domain.
- [prose.sh](https://pico.sh/prose) - SSH-powered Markdown blog: publish by rsync/scp of `.md` files, no accounts or dashboards.
- [Scribbles](https://scribbles.page/) - Minimal, privacy-respecting blogging platform with custom-domain support and Markdown writing.
- [weblog.lol](https://weblog.lol/) - Plain-text blogging service; posts are Markdown synced via GitHub/email, publishable on your own domain with full export.
- [Pika](https://pika.page/) - Simple blog-and-personal-page builder for makers, with custom domains and a writing focus.
- [Listed](https://listed.to/) - Minimalist blogging platform by Standard Notes; publish notes as a public blog on a custom domain.
- [Val Town](https://www.val.town/) - Social platform for tiny serverless functions and sites; handy for webmention handlers and small IndieWeb glue.

## Content Management Systems

- [WordPress](https://wordpress.org/) - Mature ecosystem, wide export, and the best set of IndieWeb plugins.
- [Ghost](https://ghost.org/) - Excellent for publishing and newsletters on your own domain; Webmention and microformats need a theme or add-ons.
- [WriteFreely](https://writefreely.org/) - Minimalist, federated text platform suited to simple blogs and personal instances.
- [Bear Blog](https://bearblog.dev/) - Minimalist, fast, script-free hosting; custom domain and feeds make a lean personal base.
- [Mataroa](https://mataroa.blog/) - Simple hosted blog with export and few distractions; good for writing-first people.
- [Blot](https://blot.im/) - Turns a folder of files into a website, preserving local content and a very simple publishing flow.
- [Grav](https://getgrav.org/) - Flexible PHP flat-file CMS with no database; suits shared hosting.
- [Kirby](https://getkirby.com/) - High-quality flat-file CMS, excellent for custom sites; requires a license.
- [ProcessWire](https://processwire.com/) - Very flexible PHP CMS/framework; the community has built IndieWeb modules and experiments.
- [Textpattern](https://textpattern.com/) - Lightweight, long-lived editorial CMS for people who prefer template and markup control.
- [Pico](https://picocms.org/) - Extremely small PHP flat-file CMS for a personal page or blog with no heavy panel.
- [Automad](https://automad.org/) - Flat-file CMS with a visual panel and templates, balancing friendly editing and portability.
- [WonderCMS](https://www.wondercms.com/) - Tiny, database-free CMS for simple personal sites.
- [Publii](https://getpublii.com/) - Desktop app that generates and deploys a static site; publish without a terminal.
- [Datenstrom Yellow](https://datenstrom.se/yellow/) - Small flat-file CMS, editable in the browser and easy to move between servers.
- [ClassicPress](https://www.classicpress.net/) - Community-governed WordPress fork without the block editor; lightweight and fully self-hosted.
- [HTMLy](https://www.htmly.com/) - Databaseless PHP blogging platform storing posts as flat files.
- [Typemill](https://typemill.net/) - Markdown-based flat-file CMS for docs, handbooks, and personal sites, with eBook export.
- [Bludit](https://www.bludit.com/) - Simple, fast flat-file (JSON) CMS for blogs and small sites; no database.
- [FlatPress](https://www.flatpress.org/) - Lightweight databaseless blogging engine that runs on minimal PHP hosting.
- [Chyrp Lite](https://chyrplite.net/) - Ultra-light, extensible PHP blogging engine (tumblelog-style) supporting many post kinds.
- [Statamic](https://statamic.com/) - Laravel-based flat-file (or DB) CMS with Git-friendly content; popular for developer-owned sites.
- [Cockpit](https://getcockpit.com/) - API-first headless CMS light enough to self-host for a personal project's structured content.
- [October CMS](https://octobercms.com/) - Laravel-based, file-friendly CMS with version-controllable content.
- [SPIP](https://www.spip.net/) - Long-running French publishing CMS for collaborative editorial sites.
- [Serendipity (s9y)](https://docs.s9y.org/) - Veteran PHP blog engine with native webmention/pingback heritage.
- [GetSimple CMS](http://get-simple.info/) - XML flat-file, no-database CMS for tiny sites; a classic of the databaseless lineage.

## Static Site Generators

- [Eleventy](https://www.11ty.dev/) - Flexible, unopinionated, great for semantic HTML; many Webmention and microformats examples.
- [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/) - Fast, mature single binary suited to large sites; simple deployment with few runtimes.
- [Astro](https://astro.build/) - Combines content, components, and optional JavaScript; great for a modern personal site without a full SPA.
- [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/) - The historical GitHub Pages generator, with a vast set of themes and IndieWeb examples.
- [Zola](https://www.getzola.org/) - Rust generator with a single binary, taxonomies, Sass, and built-in search.
- [Pelican](https://getpelican.com/) - Mature Python generator with feeds, plugins, and importers.
- [Nikola](https://getnikola.com/) - Python generator supporting many input formats, galleries, multilingual, and blog workflows.
- [Hexo](https://hexo.io/) - Popular, fast Node.js generator with a huge theme ecosystem.
- [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/) - React framework for content; powerful, but usually more complex than a personal IndieWeb site needs.
- [Next.js](https://nextjs.org/) - Hybrid React framework for projects needing dynamic routes, APIs, and varied rendering.
- [Nuxt Content](https://content.nuxt.com/) - Markdown-based publishing inside the Vue/Nuxt ecosystem.
- [Bridgetown](https://www.bridgetownrb.com/) - Modern Jekyll-inspired successor, useful for Ruby developers.
- [Hakyll](https://jaspervdj.be/hakyll/) - Haskell library to generate sites with fully programmable pipelines.
- [Lume](https://lume.land/) - Generator for Deno with multi-format support and plugins.
- [soupault](https://soupault.app/) - Site processor that works directly on HTML and enables automation without imposing a framework.
- [VitePress](https://vitepress.dev/) - Vite/Vue-powered generator, fast and minimal; great for personal docs, blogs, and knowledge sites.
- [Docusaurus](https://docusaurus.io/) - React-based generator optimized for docs and knowledge sites, with built-in blog, MDX, and versioning.
- [mdBook](https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/) - Rust tool that turns Markdown into a clean online book or site; ideal for handbooks and gardens.
- [Quartz](https://quartz.jzhao.xyz/) - Publishes Obsidian/Markdown vaults as interlinked digital gardens on your own domain.
- [Metalsmith](https://metalsmith.io/) - Extremely pluggable "everything is a plugin" JS generator for fully custom pipelines.
- [Middleman](https://middlemanapp.com/) - Mature Ruby static generator with a full modern front-end toolchain.
- [MkDocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) - Python Markdown-to-static generator (great with Material) for docs, notes, and knowledge bases.
- [Cecil](https://cecil.app/) - Content-driven PHP static generator (Markdown + Twig) that runs anywhere PHP does.
- [Cobalt](https://cobalt-org.github.io/) - Fast Jekyll-inspired generator in Rust, single binary, good for a low-maintenance blog.
- [Publish](https://github.com/JohnSundell/Publish) - Swift static generator for building sites in Swift with type-safe HTML.
- [Statiq](https://www.statiq.dev/) - Flexible .NET static site and content generator for building personal sites in C#.
- [Marmite](https://rochacbruno.github.io/marmite/) - Zero-config Rust generator that turns a folder of Markdown into a blog with almost no setup.
- [Pollen](https://docs.racket-lang.org/pollen/) - Racket system for book-quality personal sites with programmable markup.
- [Franklin.jl](https://franklinjl.org/) - Julia generator with live-evaluated code and math; popular for technical and research sites.
- [VuePress](https://vuepress.vuejs.org/) - Vue-powered Markdown-centric generator (predecessor to VitePress) for docs-style sites.
- [Gridsome](https://gridsome.org/) - Vue + GraphQL Jamstack generator; historically notable.

## Git-Based and Visual Editors

- [Sveltia CMS](https://github.com/sveltia/sveltia-cms) - Modern panel for Git repositories, compatible with Decap CMS configuration.
- [Decap CMS](https://decapcms.org/) - Open-source CMS to edit static-site content and commit changes to Git.
- [Pages CMS](https://pagescms.org/) - Simple interface to edit content and media directly in GitHub repositories.
- [TinaCMS](https://tina.io/) - Visual editing and structured content for Git-based sites, especially React/Next.js.
- [Keystatic](https://keystatic.com/) - CMS that stores content on the filesystem or GitHub; integrates well with Astro and Next.js.
- [CloudCannon](https://cloudcannon.com/) - Visual editing and editorial workflow for static sites; useful when non-technical authors participate.
- [Static CMS](https://www.staticcms.org/) - Community fork of Netlify/Decap CMS focused on maintenance and extra features.
- [Front Matter CMS](https://frontmatter.codes/) - VS Code extension to manage Markdown, taxonomies, and media locally.
- [Siteleaf](https://www.siteleaf.com/) - Hosted CMS that syncs content with GitHub and builds Jekyll sites.
- [Prose](https://prose.io/) - Content editor for GitHub that popularized the CMS-over-Git model.
- [Outstatic](https://outstatic.com/) - Git-based CMS for Next.js with a built-in panel and Markdown content.
- [Sanity](https://www.sanity.io/) - Structured content platform and APIs; powerful, but creates lock-in without an export strategy.
- [Directus](https://directus.io/) - Data layer and panel over SQL for sites needing structured content and APIs.
- [Strapi](https://strapi.io/) - Extensible Node.js headless CMS for more complex personal apps.
- [Payload](https://payloadcms.com/) - TypeScript CMS embeddable in modern apps, with schema control and authentication.
- [Netlify CMS](https://www.netlifycms.org/) - The original open-source Git-backed editing CMS; superseded by Decap but foundational.
- [Forestry.io](https://forestry.io/) - Early Git-backed content editor; evolved into TinaCMS.
- [Storyblok](https://www.storyblok.com/) - Visual, API-first headless CMS with a generous free tier.
- [Hygraph](https://hygraph.com/) - GraphQL-native headless CMS (formerly GraphCMS) that can back a personal Jamstack site.

## Domains and Hosting

- [Porkbun](https://porkbun.com/) - Competitive-price registrar with WHOIS privacy and direct DNS management.
- [Namecheap](https://www.namecheap.com/) - Popular registrar with broad docs; compare renewal and privacy policy per TLD.
- [Gandi](https://www.gandi.net/) - Veteran registrar with DNS and APIs.
- [Cloudflare Registrar](https://www.cloudflare.com/products/registrar/) - At-cost registration, but the domain is tied to using Cloudflare DNS.
- [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/) - Free static hosting integrated with GitHub; simple for Jekyll and build actions.
- [GitLab Pages](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/project/pages/) - Publishes static sites via GitLab CI/CD pipelines and supports custom domains.
- [Codeberg Pages](https://codeberg.page/) - Community hosting on Forgejo; interesting for reducing dependence on big platforms.
- [Cloudflare Pages](https://pages.cloudflare.com/) - Builds, CDN, and custom domain with a good free tier.
- [Netlify](https://www.netlify.com/) - Easy deploys, previews, and functions; watch quotas and keep the site exportable.
- [Vercel](https://vercel.com/) - Great integration with modern frameworks, especially Next.js.
- [Render Static Sites](https://render.com/docs/static-sites) - Git deploys, TLS, and CDN for static sites.
- [Neocities](https://neocities.org/) - Simple hosting with a maker community and direct HTML/CSS editing.
- [NearlyFreeSpeech.NET](https://www.nearlyfreespeech.net/) - Long-lived, pay-per-use hosting suited to small personal sites.
- [statichost.eu](https://statichost.eu/) - Simple, Git-oriented static hosting with custom domains and European infrastructure.
- [Opalstack](https://opalstack.com/) - Independent hosting for static sites and apps, with shell access and varied runtimes.
- [Njalla](https://njal.la/) - Privacy-first registrar that registers domains as a legal proxy, shielding ownership.
- [Dynadot](https://www.dynadot.com/) - Independent registrar with transparent at-cost pricing, free WHOIS privacy, and a clean API.
- [INWX](https://www.inwx.com/) - German registrar with wide TLD coverage, DNSSEC, and a robust API.
- [Hover](https://www.hover.com/) - Domains-and-email-only registrar with free WHOIS privacy.
- [Spaceship](https://www.spaceship.com/) - Namecheap-affiliated registrar with aggressive at-cost pricing and free WHOIS privacy.
- [EasyDNS](https://easydns.com/) - Independent Canadian registrar and managed-DNS provider with a strong civil-liberties record.
- [1984 Hosting](https://1984.hosting/) - Iceland-based, privacy- and free-speech-focused registrar and host.
- [Nekoweb](https://nekoweb.org/) - Free "old web" static host for hand-crafted personal HTML pages, with custom domains.
- [smol.pub](https://smol.pub/) - Ultra-minimal Gemini-and-web blogging platform embodying small-web simplicity.
- [Bunny.net](https://bunny.net/) - Affordable European CDN with Edge Storage and static-site hosting on a custom domain.
- [Fly.io](https://fly.io/) - Runs your Docker/app containers close to users; good for dynamic personal sites with full portability.
- [Deno Deploy](https://deno.com/deploy) - Globally distributed JS/TS edge runtime with custom domains.
- [Surge.sh](https://surge.sh/) - Single-command static publishing from the terminal with custom-domain support.
- [sourcehut Pages](https://srht.site/) - Simple static hosting from the tracking-free sourcehut ecosystem.
- [tilde.town](https://tilde.town/) - Friendly public-access Unix community offering shell accounts and `~user` personal pages.
- [SDF Public Access Unix](https://sdf.org/) - Long-running non-profit public-access Unix co-op with shell accounts and personal web/email hosting.
- [Hetzner](https://www.hetzner.com/) - German provider with very low-cost cloud VPS and dedicated servers; a self-hosting favorite.
- [Mythic Beasts](https://www.mythic-beasts.com/) - UK independent host offering VPS, shell accounts, DNS, and personal web/email hosting.
- [rsync.net](https://rsync.net/) - Minimalist offsite storage accessed over SSH/rsync/SFTP; ideal for portable, provider-agnostic backups.

## Servers, TLS and Deployment

- [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/) - Server and proxy with automatic HTTPS; an excellent default for a small personal server.
- [nginx](https://nginx.org/) - Widely documented, efficient server and reverse proxy available on nearly every provider.
- [Apache HTTP Server](https://httpd.apache.org/) - Mature option, especially suited to PHP hosting and per-directory configuration.
- [lighttpd](https://www.lighttpd.net/) - Lightweight server for small installs and modest hardware.
- [Traefik](https://traefik.io/traefik/) - Dynamic reverse proxy useful when several services run in containers.
- [HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.org/) - Robust proxy and load balancer for architectures needing more traffic control.
- [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) - Free certificate authority that made HTTPS accessible to personal sites.
- [Certbot](https://certbot.eff.org/) - Client to issue and renew Let's Encrypt certificates when the server doesn't automate it.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) - Packages services and dependencies; useful, but doesn't replace backup, updates, and observability.
- [Podman](https://podman.io/) - OCI-compatible containers with good rootless options and systemd integration.
- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) - Describes a small self-hosted stack in a versionable, reproducible file.
- [Coolify](https://coolify.io/) - Self-hostable PaaS to deploy apps and databases via a web UI.
- [CapRover](https://caprover.com/) - Deployment panel over Docker to run multiple apps on a VPS.
- [Dokku](https://dokku.com/) - Compact Heroku-inspired PaaS, driven by Git and the command line.
- [Cloudflare Tunnel](https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/) - Publishes a service without opening ports; adds a proprietary intermediary.
- [OpenLiteSpeed](https://openlitespeed.org/) - High-performance server with HTTP/3 and built-in caching; a lighter alternative to nginx/Apache.
- [H2O](https://h2o.examp1e.net/) - Fast HTTP/1.x, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 server optimized for low latency.
- [Angie](https://angie.software/) - Actively maintained nginx fork adding HTTP/3 and a management API.
- [acme.sh](https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh) - Pure-shell ACME client with the widest DNS-provider support; dependency-free TLS automation.
- [lego](https://go-acme.github.io/lego/) - Single-binary Go ACME client and library supporting hundreds of DNS providers.
- [dehydrated](https://github.com/dehydrated-io/dehydrated) - Minimal Bash ACME client for Let's Encrypt; auditable and lightweight.
- [step-ca (Smallstep)](https://smallstep.com/docs/step-ca/) - Self-hosted certificate authority and ACME server for full ownership of your PKI.
- [mkcert](https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert) - Zero-config locally-trusted TLS certificates for testing your site over HTTPS locally.
- [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com/) - Free ACME-compatible certificate authority with API and dashboard.
- [YunoHost](https://yunohost.org/) - Debian-based OS that one-click installs personal-web apps with automatic TLS and email.
- [Cloudron](https://cloudron.io/) - Turnkey platform to install and auto-update self-hosted apps with managed backups, TLS, and users.
- [FreedomBox](https://freedombox.org/) - Debian-based personal server system for hosting your own web, email, and social services.
- [CasaOS](https://casaos.io/) - Simple Docker-based home-server OS with an app-store UI.
- [runtipi](https://runtipi.io/) - Lightweight homeserver platform with a one-click app store built on Docker.
- [Portainer](https://www.portainer.io/) - Web UI for managing Docker/Kubernetes; simplifies the containers behind a self-hosted site.
- [Kamal](https://kamal-deploy.org/) - Deploy tool that ships Docker apps to any bare VPS with zero downtime.
- [HestiaCP](https://hestiacp.com/) - Lightweight open-source control panel for web, DNS, mail, and databases on your own VPS.
- [Dokploy](https://dokploy.com/) - Open-source, self-hostable Vercel/Heroku alternative to deploy apps and databases via a UI.
- [NixOS](https://nixos.org/) - Linux distribution with declarative, reproducible system configuration.
- [Sandstorm](https://sandstorm.io/) - Open-source platform to run self-hosted web apps in secure sandboxes with one-click installs.
- [Ansible](https://www.ansible.com/) - Agentless automation to provision and configure servers reproducibly.

## Microformats and Validation

- [php-mf2](https://github.com/microformats/php-mf2) - microformats2 parser (PHP) used by many IndieWeb tools.
- [mf2py](https://github.com/microformats/mf2py) - Parser to extract microformats2 from HTML (Python).
- [microformats-parser](https://github.com/microformats/microformats-parser) - JavaScript implementation of the parsing algorithm.
- [go-microformats](https://github.com/willnorris/microformats) - microformats2 parser for Go applications and services.
- [mf2util](https://pypi.org/project/mf2util/) - High-level utilities on top of microformats2 data (Python).
- [XRay](https://github.com/aaronpk/XRay) - PHP parser that turns pages with microformats into objects useful for readers, replies, and endpoints.
- [Pin13](https://pin13.net/) - Web interface to test how a page is interpreted by microformats parsers.
- [IndieWebify.Me](https://indiewebify.me/) - Checks identity, `h-card`, posts, and Webmention in didactic steps.
- [Microformats Test Suite](https://github.com/microformats/tests) - Shared cases to test conformance across parsers.
- [extruct](https://github.com/scrapinghub/extruct) - Extracts microformats, JSON-LD, Open Graph, RDFa, and other metadata from pages.
- [Microformats Wiki](https://microformats.org/wiki/) - Documentation of the formats, authoring patterns, and compatibility.
- [Nu Html Checker](https://validator.w3.org/nu/) - Validates modern HTML, avoiding structural errors that also harm parsers.
- [W3C Markup Validation Service](https://validator.w3.org/) - Classic validator for HTML and XHTML documents.
- [W3C Link Checker](https://validator.w3.org/checklink) - Detects broken links and problematic redirects.
- [Schema.org Validator](https://validator.schema.org/) - Inspects structured data beyond microformats and flags markup conflicts.
- [microformats-ruby](https://github.com/microformats/microformats-ruby) - Maintained gem parsing microformats1/2 into Ruby objects, a hash, or JSON.
- [MicroMicro](https://github.com/jgarber623/micromicro) - Ruby gem focused on strict, modern microformats2 extraction.
- [microformats2-elixir](https://github.com/ckruse/microformats2-elixir) - microformats2 parser for the Elixir ecosystem.

## Webmention and Interactions

- [Webmention.io](https://webmention.io/) - Hosted, open-source endpoint to receive Webmentions without running your own service.
- [Bridgy](https://brid.gy/) - Syndication and backfeed between your site and supported platforms, converting interactions into Webmentions.
- [Telegraph](https://telegraph.p3k.io/) - Finds and sends Webmentions from a page, with an API and send monitoring.
- [webmention.app](https://webmention.app/docs) - Service and build tool that discovers links and sends Webmentions.
- [webmention.rocks](https://webmention.rocks/) - Interoperability test suite for receiving and sending endpoints.
- [mention-client-php](https://github.com/indieweb/mention-client-php) - Library to discover endpoints and send Webmention or Pingback (PHP).
- [webmention-client-ruby](https://github.com/indieweb/webmention-client-ruby) - Client to send and verify Webmentions in Ruby apps.
- [webmentiond](https://github.com/zerok/webmentiond) - Go service to receive and process Webmentions separately from the site.
- [Go-Jamming](https://github.com/lumenpink/go-jamming) - Self-hostable Webmention endpoint in Go, aimed at static sites.
- [Lazymention](https://github.com/strugee/lazymention) - Minimal endpoint to forward received Webmentions to another flow.
- [Pushl](https://github.com/PlaidWeb/Pushl) - Service and library for sending Webmentions.
- [django-webmention](https://github.com/easy-as-python/django-webmention) - Webmention integration for Django applications.
- [WordPress Webmention](https://wordpress.org/plugins/webmention/) - Receives and sends Webmentions in WordPress and integrates reactions into comments.
- [eleventy-cache-webmentions](https://github.com/chrisburnell/eleventy-cache-webmentions) - Helps Eleventy projects fetch and cache Webmentions during the build.
- [webmention.js](https://github.com/PlaidWeb/webmention.js) - Client library to display Webmentions on pages, useful for static sites.
- [willnorris/webmention](https://github.com/willnorris/webmention) - Go library and CLI to discover endpoints and send Webmentions.
- [eleventy-webmentions](https://github.com/maxboeck/eleventy-webmentions) - Eleventy starter demonstrating fetching and rendering Webmention.io data on a static blog.
- [gatsby-plugin-webmention](https://github.com/ChristopherBiscardi/gatsby-plugin-webmention) - Gatsby plugin sourcing Webmention.io data into GraphQL.

## Identity, Authentication and Security

- [IndieAuth.com](https://indieauth.com/) - Server and compatibility tool for IndieAuth authentication.
- [IndieLogin.com](https://indielogin.com/) - Login service based on your domain and `rel=me` relations.
- [IndieAuth.rocks](https://indieauth.rocks/) - Tests IndieAuth clients and servers against interoperability cases.
- [WordPress IndieAuth](https://wordpress.org/plugins/indieauth/) - Turns WordPress into an IndieAuth server and authorizes Micropub clients.
- [indieauth-client-php](https://github.com/indieweb/indieauth-client-php) - Practical reference client to implement IndieAuth login.
- [RelMeAuth](https://microformats.org/wiki/RelMeAuth) - Earlier, still conceptually useful technique to prove identity via reciprocal `rel=me` links.
- [WebFinger](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7033) - Discovery of information about `user@domain` identities, widely used in the Fediverse.
- [Keyoxide](https://keyoxide.org/) - Decentralized identity proofs linking cryptographic keys to profiles and domains.
- [Libravatar](https://www.libravatar.org/) - Open, federated alternative to Gravatar for hosting avatars.
- [Mozilla Observatory](https://observatory.mozilla.org/) - Assesses HTTP security headers and suggests improvements.
- [Qualys SSL Labs](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/) - Tests TLS configuration, certificate chain, and insecure protocols.
- [Security Headers](https://securityheaders.com/) - Quick check of CSP, HSTS, frame policies, and other headers.
- [security.txt](https://securitytxt.org/) - Standard to publish a responsible contact channel for vulnerabilities.
- [CSP Evaluator](https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com/) - Analyzes a Content Security Policy and highlights dangerous permissions.
- [OWASP Cheat Sheet Series](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/) - Practical reference for authentication, sessions, uploads, headers, and secure development.
- [WebFinger (WordPress)](https://wordpress.org/plugins/webfinger/) - Implements the WebFinger discovery endpoint on WordPress, aiding Fediverse and IndieAuth discovery.

## Micropub and Publishing Clients

- [Quill](https://quill.p3k.io/) - Versatile web Micropub client for notes, articles, photos, bookmarks, RSVPs, and more.
- [Micropublish](https://github.com/barryf/micropublish) - Micropub client with a full interface and support for advanced properties.
- [Omnibear](https://omnibear.com/) - Browser extension to publish replies, likes, reposts, and bookmarks via Micropub.
- [iA Writer](https://ia.net/writer) - Editor that can publish via Micropub to compatible platforms.
- [Micropub.rocks](https://micropub.rocks/) - Suite to verify Micropub clients and servers.
- [WordPress Micropub](https://wordpress.org/plugins/micropub/) - Micropub endpoint for WordPress, enabling publishing from independent clients.
- [webpage-micropub-to-github](https://github.com/voxpelli/webpage-micropub-to-github) - Endpoint that converts Micropub requests into files or commits on GitHub.
- [micro-panel](https://github.com/valpackett/micro-panel) - Archived Micropub panel still useful as an interface and implementation reference.
- [Sparkles](https://indieweb.org/Sparkles) - Micropub client geared toward publishing photos and media.
- [OwnYourGram](https://ownyourgram.com/) - Demonstrates PESOS by importing photos posted elsewhere into your own site.
- [OwnYourSwarm](https://ownyourswarm.p3k.io/) - Sends Swarm check-ins to your own site via Micropub.
- [Teacup](https://indieweb.org/Teacup) - Micropub client specialized in logging what you're drinking.
- [Compass](https://indieweb.org/Compass) - Location app that can publish data and check-ins to a Micropub endpoint.
- [IndieBookClub](https://indiebookclub.biz/) - Micropub client to log books, reading status, and reviews.
- [IndiePass](https://indieweb.org/IndiePass) - Integrated Micropub/Microsub client; archived, kept as a reference.
- [indielib](https://github.com/hacdias/indielib) - Go IndieWeb toolkit bundling IndieAuth client/server, Micropub, and discovery helpers.
- [benjifs/micropub](https://github.com/benjifs/micropub) - Serverless Micropub and media endpoint that publishes posts to a Git-backed static site.
- [kirby-micropub](https://github.com/sebsel/kirby-micropub) - Micropub server endpoint for the Kirby CMS.
- [selfauth](https://github.com/Inklings-io/selfauth) - Minimal single-user PHP IndieAuth authorization endpoint so you can be your own identity provider.
- [Indigenous for Android](https://indigenous.realize.be/) - Native Android app acting as a Micropub posting client and Microsub reader.
- [Post Kinds](https://wordpress.org/plugins/indieweb-post-kinds/) - WordPress plugin adding reply/like/bookmark/RSVP post types with proper microformats2 markup and reply-context.
- [Syndication Links](https://wordpress.org/plugins/syndication-links/) - WordPress plugin that displays and manages POSSE syndication URLs for cross-posted content.
- [Semantic Linkbacks](https://wordpress.org/plugins/semantic-linkbacks/) - WordPress plugin enriching incoming Webmentions/pingbacks into semantic comments (likes, reposts, replies).
- [Simple Location](https://wordpress.org/plugins/simple-location/) - WordPress plugin adding location and weather metadata (h-geo/h-adr) to posts.
- [Yarns Microsub Server](https://github.com/jackjamieson2/yarns-microsub-server) - Turns WordPress into a Microsub server so you can host your own social reader feeds.
- [Parse This](https://github.com/dshanske/parse-this) - microformats2/feed/JSONFeed parsing library used by Post Kinds and Yarns for reply-context and feeds.
- [WebSub/PubSubHubbub for WP](https://wordpress.org/plugins/pubsubhubbub/) - Adds WebSub (real-time feed push) publishing to WordPress feeds.

## Feeds, Readers and Microsub

- [Aperture](https://github.com/aaronpk/Aperture) - Microsub server keeping subscriptions, channels, and read state separate from the interface.
- [Monocle](https://monocle.p3k.io/) - Web Microsub client built for social reading and replying via Micropub.
- [Together](https://github.com/cleverdevil/Together) - Microsub client exploring a personal social-reader experience.
- [FreshRSS](https://freshrss.org/) - Efficient, extensible self-hosted RSS reader with APIs for external clients.
- [Miniflux](https://miniflux.app/) - Minimalist, fast self-hosted reader with good feed automation.
- [Tiny Tiny RSS](https://tt-rss.org/) - Mature, extensible self-hosted reader.
- [NewsBlur](https://www.newsblur.com/) - Open-source service and software with content training, folders, and social reading.
- [Feedbin](https://feedbin.com/) - Hosted reader with a good interface, search, and newsletter/podcast support.
- [Inoreader](https://www.inoreader.com/) - Powerful reader with rules and monitoring; keep periodic OPML exports.
- [Feedly](https://feedly.com/) - Popular, easy reader, though advanced features are increasingly proprietary.
- [NetNewsWire](https://netnewswire.com/) - Free Apple client, fast and compatible with multiple sync services.
- [Reeder](https://reederapp.com/) - Refined Apple client for feeds and read-later.
- [Fluent Reader](https://github.com/yang991178/fluent-reader) - Open-source desktop RSS client with local reading and optional sync.
- [selfoss](https://selfoss.aditu.de/) - Lightweight reader and aggregator that accepts extensible sources.
- [RSS Guard](https://github.com/martinrotter/rssguard) - Cross-platform, open-source desktop reader compatible with several APIs.
- [Ekster](https://github.com/pstuifzand/ekster) - Self-hostable Microsub server in Go that aggregates feeds for any Microsub reader client.
- [FeedLand](https://feedland.com/) - Open feed-reading and list-publishing platform; part of the own-your-feeds lineage.

## Syndication, Bridges and Fediverse

- [Bridgy Fed](https://fed.brid.gy/) - Makes an ordinary site participate in the Fediverse via ActivityPub without replacing its canonical URLs.
- [Granary](https://granary.io/) - Library and service that convert data between formats and social networks; used by the Bridgy family.
- [Hatsu](https://github.com/importantimport/hatsu) - Bridge that produces an ActivityPub presence from your site and feed.
- [ActivityPub for WordPress](https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/) - Federates WordPress authors and posts while keeping your own domain as identity.
- [Mastodon](https://joinmastodon.org/) - Syndication and interaction destination; ideally complements, not replaces, your personal site.
- [Pleroma](https://pleroma.social/) - Lightweight, customizable ActivityPub server for federated microblogging.
- [Akkoma](https://akkoma.social/) - Community fork of Pleroma with its own pace and features.
- [GoToSocial](https://gotosocial.org/) - Lightweight ActivityPub server suited to small or personal instances.
- [Pixelfed](https://pixelfed.org/) - Federated photo publishing; can receive copies of a collection whose origin stays on your site.
- [PeerTube](https://joinpeertube.org/) - Federated video hosting and distribution under your control.
- [BookWyrm](https://joinbookwyrm.com/) - Federated reading network, useful alongside book posts and feeds on your own domain.
- [Lemmy](https://join-lemmy.org/) - Federated forums and link aggregation; a possible destination to share articles.
- [NodeBB](https://nodebb.org/) - Modern forum with ActivityPub federation work; useful for a community tied to your site.
- [Fedify](https://fedify.dev/) - TypeScript framework to implement ActivityPub federation with less protocol boilerplate.
- [ActivityPub Express](https://github.com/immers-space/activitypub-express) - Library to add ActivityPub endpoints to Express applications.
- [Misskey](https://misskey-hub.net/) - Feature-rich microblogging server (reactions, MFM) that federates over ActivityPub.
- [Sharkey](https://joinsharkey.org/) - Actively maintained Misskey fork with quote posts and improved moderation.
- [Iceshrimp](https://iceshrimp.dev/) - Lean, rewritten Misskey-family server focused on performance and standards compliance.
- [Firefish](https://joinfirefish.org/) - A Misskey fork (formerly Calckey) whose development has largely stalled.
- [snac2](https://codeberg.org/grunfink/snac2) - Tiny C-based single/multi-user ActivityPub server with minimal dependencies.
- [Honk](https://humungus.tedunangst.com/r/honk) - Minimalist single-user ActivityPub server with no JavaScript.
- [Epicyon](https://libreserver.org/epicyon/) - AGPL, low-resource ActivityPub server designed for small self-hosted communities.
- [Hometown](https://github.com/hometown-fork/hometown) - Mastodon fork adding local-only posting and full-text formatting.
- [Friendica](https://friendi.ca/) - Decentralized social server federating across ActivityPub, Diaspora, and more.
- [Hubzilla](https://hubzilla.org/) - "Nomadic identity" platform with channel cloning and multi-protocol federation.
- [(streams)](https://codeberg.org/streams/streams) - Nomadic-identity Fediverse server emphasizing account portability and permissions.
- [Mobilizon](https://joinmobilizon.org/) - Federated events and groups platform over ActivityPub.
- [Mbin](https://joinmbin.org/) - Community fork of Kbin; a federated link-aggregator/forum speaking ActivityPub.
- [PieFed](https://join.piefed.social/) - Python/Flask federated link-aggregator with a focus on moderation tooling.
- [Mitra](https://codeberg.org/silverpill/mitra) - Rust-based federated microblogging server emphasizing content ownership.
- [Bonfire](https://bonfirenetworks.org/) - Modular, extensible federated social framework (Elixir) for custom ActivityPub communities.
- [EchoFeed](https://echofeed.app/) - Watches your RSS/Atom feed and cross-posts new items to Mastodon, Bluesky, Micro.blog, Discord, and more.
- [rss-parrot](https://rss-parrot.net/) - Turns any RSS feed into a followable Mastodon/Fediverse account.
- [feed2toot](https://gitlab.com/chaica/feed2toot) - Self-hostable Python tool that autoposts RSS/Atom items to a Mastodon account.
- [feed2fedi](https://codeberg.org/MarvinsMastodonTools/feed2fedi) - Posts RSS/Atom items to Mastodon/Firefish/etc.; self-hosted syndication from your own feed.
- [feediverse](https://github.com/edsu/feediverse) - Simple Python script to send RSS/Atom feeds to Mastodon; easy to cron for POSSE.
- [Mastofeed](https://mastofeed.org/) - Hosted service that pushes your RSS feed to a Mastodon account without self-hosting.
- [Silo.pub](https://silo.pub/) - Micropub endpoint that publishes to third-party silos; useful as a POSSE target.
- [moa.party](https://moa.party/) - Mastodon-to-Twitter/Bluesky cross-poster, largely hobbled by API changes.

## Search, Discovery and Webrings

- [Kagi Small Web](https://github.com/kagisearch/smallweb) - Public list feeding blog and small-site discovery experiences.
- [Wiby](https://wiby.me/) - Search engine oriented toward simple pages and the classic web.
- [Marginalia Search](https://search.marginalia.nu/) - Independent search favoring non-commercial sites and text content.
- [Search My Site](https://searchmysite.net/) - Search and directory focused on personal and independent sites.
- [ooh.directory](https://ooh.directory/) - Editorial directory of blogs organized by subject.
- [Blogroll.org](https://blogroll.org/) - Blog-discovery initiative encouraging the return of personal link lists.
- [BlogDB](https://blogdb.org/) - Searchable directory of independent blogs and authors.
- [Personalsit.es](https://personalsit.es/) - Community directory of personal sites with strong small-web affinity.
- [IndieSeek](https://indieseek.xyz/) - Search and catalog dedicated to the independent web.
- [1MB Club](https://1mb.club/) - Directory of sites under 1 MB, useful for discovering lightweight projects.
- [512KB Club](https://512kb.club/) - Collection of lightweight sites ranked by weight and quality.
- [250KB Club](https://250kb.club/) - Even stricter list for studying efficient design and publishing.
- [Neocities Browse](https://neocities.org/browse) - Discovery of personal sites within the Neocities community.
- [Onionring.js](https://allium.house/garden/onionring/) - Simple JavaScript kit to build a webring with no central platform.
- [IndieWeb Webring](https://xn--sr8hvo.ws/) - Community webring connecting personal sites with prev/next navigation.
- [Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) - Independent search engine with its own crawler and index.
- [Teclis](https://teclis.com/) - Non-commercial, ad-free search that down-weights SEO-heavy pages to surface the small web.
- [Mwmbl](https://mwmbl.org/) - Open-source, non-profit, community-curated search engine you can contribute crawl data to.
- [Stract](https://stract.com/) - Open-source independent search engine with "optics" for re-ranking toward indie sources.
- [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) - Self-hostable, privacy-respecting metasearch engine with no tracking.
- [TinyGem](https://tinygem.org/) - Human-curated bookmarking and reading-recommendation service for long-form indie content.
- [Indieblog.page](https://indieblog.page/) - Sends you to a random post from a vetted pool of personal and indie blogs.
- [Blog Surf](https://blogsurf.io/) - Searchable directory and search engine focused on independently-owned personal blogs.
- [BlogScroll](https://blogscroll.com/) - Open, curated directory and aggregator of independent blogs built to route around SEO spam.
- [The Index](https://theindex.fyi/) - Community-submitted directory of indie-web sites and blogs with an open API.
- [About Ideas Now](https://aboutideasnow.com/) - Searches the /about, /ideas, and /now pages of thousands of personal sites to find people to talk to.
- [blogsearch.io](https://blogsearch.io/) - Dedicated search engine indexing personal and independent blogs.
- [HTMLrev](https://htmlrev.com/) - Curated directory of free, lightweight HTML templates for hand-building personal sites.
- [Fediring](https://fediring.net/) - Webring connecting personal sites of people active in the Fediverse/IndieWeb space.
- [Hotline Webring](https://hotlinewebring.club/) - Active, popular webring of personal and developer sites with an embeddable widget.
- [Geekring](https://geekring.net/) - Open webring for personal tech and geek blogs and homepages.
- [XXIIVV Webring](https://webring.xxiivv.com/) - Long-running webring of artists, developers, and personal sites.
- [The Wayward Webring](https://waywardweb.org/) - General-purpose webring for personal and independent websites.
- [Low Tech Webring](https://emreed.net/LowTech_Directory.html) - Webring and directory for deliberately lightweight, low-tech personal sites.
- [HTML Hobbyist Webring](https://webring.htmlhobbyist.com/) - Webring for hand-coded, hobbyist HTML personal sites.
- [Nightfall City](https://nightfall.city/) - Small-web community hub and webring with a retro/indie aesthetic.
- [Ultimate Webring List](https://tuffgong.nekoweb.org/webring-list.html) - Continuously maintained meta-index of active webrings across the small web.

## Comments, Forms, Newsletters and Analytics

- [Isso](https://isso-comments.de/) - Self-hosted, lightweight comments without depending on a social network.
- [Remark42](https://remark42.com/) - Self-hosted comment system with moderation, multiple logins, and import.
- [Schnack](https://schnack.cool/) - Small Node.js comments designed to avoid tracking and heavy frontend.
- [Commento++](https://github.com/souramoo/commentoplusplus) - Community continuation of a lightweight, self-hostable comment system.
- [Giscus](https://giscus.app/) - Uses GitHub Discussions for comments; great for technical audiences.
- [Cusdis](https://cusdis.com/) - Minimalist comments with hosted and self-hosted options.
- [Utterances](https://utteranc.es/) - Uses GitHub issues as storage; simple but GitHub-dependent.
- [Staticman](https://staticman.net/) - Converts submissions into commits or pull requests, enabling comments on static sites.
- [Formspree](https://formspree.io/) - Form backend for static sites; check quotas, spam, and export.
- [Basin](https://usebasin.com/) - Form processing, spam filters, and webhooks without your own backend.
- [Buttondown](https://buttondown.com/) - Writing-focused newsletter with feeds, custom domain, and export.
- [listmonk](https://listmonk.app/) - High-performance self-hosted newsletter and mailing lists.
- [Plausible](https://plausible.io/) - Simple, privacy-focused analytics, hosted or self-hosted.
- [Umami](https://umami.is/) - Traffic metrics with a clean interface and less invasive collection.
- [GoatCounter](https://www.goatcounter.com/) - Lightweight, open-source analytics suited to personal sites.
- [Waline](https://waline.js.org/) - Lightweight, self-hosted (serverless-friendly) comments with Markdown, reactions, and privacy focus.
- [Twikoo](https://twikoo.js.org/) - Simple, free, self-hostable comment system that runs on serverless backends.
- [Artalk](https://artalk.js.org/) - Self-hosted Go + JS comment system with dashboard, notifications, and moderation.
- [Cactus Comments](https://cactus.chat/) - Comment system built on Matrix, giving federated, self-hostable threads on any static page.
- [Talkyard](https://www.talkyard.io/) - Open-source, self-hostable embedded comments plus full forum features.
- [Gitalk](https://github.com/gitalk/gitalk) - Comment widget backed by GitHub Issues; keeps data in your repo.
- [Web3Forms](https://web3forms.com/) - Access-key form-to-email for static sites; no backend code, privacy-friendly.
- [Getform](https://getform.io/) - Form endpoint for static/Jamstack sites with file uploads, spam filtering, and integrations.
- [Formsubmit](https://formsubmit.co/) - Zero-signup form-to-email endpoint for static HTML forms.
- [Netlify Forms](https://docs.netlify.com/manage/forms/setup/) - Built-in form handling for Netlify-hosted sites.
- [Keila](https://www.keila.io/) - Open-source, self-hostable newsletter tool (Elixir) that works with your own SMTP/SES.
- [Mautic](https://www.mautic.org/) - Mature open-source marketing-automation and newsletter platform you fully self-host.
- [Mailcoach](https://mailcoach.app/) - Self-hosted (or SaaS) newsletter/automation app (Laravel) using your own sending service.
- [Mailtrain](https://mailtrain.org/) - Free, self-hosted Node.js newsletter app supporting large lists via your own SMTP/SES.
- [Postal](https://postalserver.io/) - Open-source, self-hosted mail delivery server; the sending backbone for newsletter infrastructure.
- [EmailOctopus](https://emailoctopus.com/) - Low-cost hosted newsletter service that can run on Amazon SES.
- [Substack](https://substack.com/) - Popular hosted newsletter platform; usable as a POSSE target but note content lock-in.
- [Tinylytics](https://tinylytics.app/) - IndieWeb-friendly, privacy-first analytics with built-in webmentions, kudos, and uptime.
- [Matomo](https://matomo.org/) - The leading open-source, self-hostable Google Analytics alternative.
- [Fathom Analytics](https://usefathom.com/) - Simple, GDPR-compliant, cookie-free hosted analytics.
- [Ackee](https://ackee.electerious.com/) - Self-hosted, cookie-free analytics with a clean GraphQL API.
- [Shynet](https://github.com/milesmcc/shynet) - Self-hosted, cookie-free, JS-optional analytics (Django).
- [Offen Fair Web Analytics](https://www.offen.dev/) - Self-hosted, transparent analytics that lets visitors see and delete their own data.
- [Counter.dev](https://counter.dev/) - Free, open-source, privacy-friendly analytics with no cookies or personal data.
- [Pirsch](https://pirsch.io/) - Cookie-free, open-source-core analytics (Go) with a hosted service.
- [Simple Analytics](https://www.simpleanalytics.com/) - Privacy-first, no-cookie hosted analytics with a clean one-page dashboard.
- [Swetrix](https://swetrix.com/) - Open-source, self-hostable, cookieless analytics with a hosted option.
- [Cabin](https://withcabin.com/) - Carbon-aware, privacy-first analytics with no cookies or personal tracking.

## Media, Bookmarks and Archives

- [Owncast](https://owncast.online/) - Self-hosted live streaming with chat and federation, keeping your own identity and player.
- [PhotoPrism](https://www.photoprism.app/) - Organizes and searches a personal photo library with a web interface.
- [Immich](https://immich.app/) - Photo and video backup and browsing; should not be your only copy of the originals.
- [Piwigo](https://piwigo.org/) - Mature, extensible web gallery suited to publishing public albums.
- [Lychee](https://lycheeorg.github.io/) - Elegant, relatively simple self-hosted gallery.
- [Thumbsup](https://thumbsup.github.io/) - Generates static galleries from photos and videos; excellent for portable archives.
- [Faircamp](https://simonrepp.com/faircamp/) - Generates static sites for musicians to sell and present music without a central platform.
- [Castopod](https://castopod.org/) - Self-hosted podcast hosting with RSS, analytics, and Fediverse integration.
- [Funkwhale](https://www.funkwhale.audio/) - Federated audio library and publishing, suited to collections and channels.
- [Podlove Publisher](https://docs.podlove.org/podlove-publisher/) - Mature podcast publishing, feeds, and player tools for WordPress.
- [Audiobookshelf](https://www.audiobookshelf.org/) - Personal audiobook and podcast server for private access to your own library.
- [Linkding](https://linkding.link/) - Simple self-hosted bookmark manager with an API.
- [Shaarli](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli) - Link publishing and organization with tags and feeds; suits a public commonplace book.
- [Wallabag](https://wallabag.org/) - Self-hosted read-later with import, export, and apps.
- [ArchiveBox](https://archivebox.io/) - Archives pages, media, and metadata in various formats for a searchable collection.
- [Photoview](https://photoview.github.io/) - Self-hosted gallery that indexes an existing folder of original photos in place.
- [LibrePhotos](https://github.com/LibrePhotos/librephotos) - Self-hosted, privacy-focused Google Photos alternative with face and object recognition.
- [Nextcloud Memories](https://github.com/pulsejet/memories) - Fast timeline photo/video app for Nextcloud.
- [Ente Photos](https://ente.io/) - End-to-end encrypted, open-source, self-hostable photo backup.
- [Sigal](https://github.com/saimn/sigal) - Python tool that builds a fast, static HTML photo/video gallery you can host anywhere.
- [Zenphoto](https://www.zenphoto.org/) - Long-running self-hosted CMS focused on photo galleries and multimedia.
- [MediaGoblin](https://mediagoblin.org/) - Federated, self-hosted platform for publishing your own photos, video, and audio.
- [MediaCMS](https://mediacms.io/) - Modern self-hosted video and media platform for running your own video site.
- [Navidrome](https://www.navidrome.org/) - Lightweight self-hosted Subsonic-compatible music server to stream your own library.
- [Ampache](https://ampache.org/) - Long-established web-based personal audio/video streaming server.
- [Koel](https://koel.dev/) - Clean self-hosted personal audio streaming app (Laravel/Vue).
- [Feishin](https://github.com/jeffvli/feishin) - Full-featured desktop Subsonic/Navidrome/Jellyfin client for your self-hosted music.
- [gonic](https://github.com/sentriz/gonic) - Minimal, efficient Subsonic-compatible music server in Go.
- [AzuraCast](https://www.azuracast.com/) - Self-hosted, all-in-one web radio platform for broadcasting your own audio.
- [Podcast Generator](https://podcastgenerator.net/) - Self-hosted PHP app to publish and manage your own podcast feed.
- [Podgrab](https://github.com/akhilrex/podgrab) - Self-hosted podcast download and archive manager for a personal audio library.
- [Reel2Bits](https://reel2bits.org/) - Self-hosted, ActivityPub-federated SoundCloud-like platform for your own tracks.
- [Karakeep](https://karakeep.app/) - Self-hosted "bookmark everything" app (links, notes, images) with AI tagging and search.
- [Readeck](https://readeck.org/) - Self-hosted read-it-later and bookmarking app that saves clean, durable article copies.
- [LinkAce](https://www.linkace.org/) - Self-hosted bookmark manager that archives links and monitors them for rot.
- [Linkwarden](https://linkwarden.app/) - Self-hosted collaborative bookmarking that snapshots pages (HTML/PDF/screenshot).
- [Shiori](https://github.com/go-shiori/shiori) - Simple, portable self-hosted bookmark manager in Go, single binary with offline archive.
- [Espial](https://github.com/jonschoning/espial) - Open-source, Pinboard-style bookmarking server oriented toward IndieWeb sharing.
- [Grimoire](https://github.com/goniszewski/grimoire) - Self-hosted bookmark manager with categories, tags, and metadata.
- [Buku](https://github.com/jarun/buku) - Powerful command-line bookmark manager storing links in a portable SQLite database.
- [floccus](https://floccus.org/) - Sync browser bookmarks across devices via your own storage (WebDAV/Nextcloud/Git).

## Preservation, Backup and Monitoring

- [Internet Archive Save Page Now](https://web.archive.org/save/) - Requests a public capture in the Wayback Machine; not a substitute for private backup.
- [ArchiveTeam Warrior](https://wiki.archiveteam.org/index.php/ArchiveTeam_Warrior) - Lets you collaborate on preserving threatened services and sites.
- [HTTrack](https://www.httrack.com/) - Creates browsable mirrors of sites, useful for migration and reference copies.
- [GNU Wget](https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/) - Recursively downloads pages and files; a basic building block for automation and preservation.
- [rsync](https://rsync.samba.org/) - Efficiently synchronizes file trees between machines and servers.
- [Restic](https://restic.net/) - Encrypted, deduplicated, verifiable backups to many destinations.
- [BorgBackup](https://www.borgbackup.org/) - Deduplicated, encrypted backup, especially good over SSH.
- [rclone](https://rclone.org/) - Copies and syncs data between local storage and many providers.
- [Git](https://git-scm.com/) - Distributed history for content, templates, and config.
- [git-annex](https://git-annex.branchable.com/) - Manages large files distributed across disks and services without storing them inside Git.
- [Healthchecks.io](https://healthchecks.io/) - Alerts when backups, builds, or scheduled tasks fail to run.
- [Uptime Kuma](https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma) - Self-hosted monitoring of availability, certificates, and endpoints.
- [changedetection.io](https://changedetection.io/) - Detects page changes; useful for feedless sources and watching dependencies.
- [Lychee Link Checker](https://lychee.cli.rs/) - Validates links in Markdown, HTML, and other files during the build.
- [urlwatch](https://thp.io/2008/urlwatch/) - Monitors URL changes from the command line and sends notifications.
- [SingleFile](https://github.com/gildas-lormeau/SingleFile) - Browser extension and CLI that saves a complete page as one self-contained HTML file.
- [monolith](https://github.com/Y2Z/monolith) - Fast Rust CLI that bundles a page and all assets into a single portable HTML file.
- [obelisk](https://github.com/go-shiori/obelisk) - Go package and CLI to save a web page as a single HTML file; pairs with Shiori.
- [Webrecorder / Browsertrix](https://webrecorder.net/) - Open-source suite for high-fidelity WARC/WACZ capture of complex, dynamic pages.
- [ReplayWeb.page](https://replayweb.page/) - Fully client-side viewer to browse WARC/WACZ archives with no server.
- [pywb](https://github.com/webrecorder/pywb) - Python toolkit to replay and serve your own WARC-based archive collections.
- [grab-site](https://github.com/ArchiveTeam/grab-site) - Archivist's web crawler producing WARC files with a live dashboard and ignore patterns.
- [Kiwix](https://www.kiwix.org/) - Store and browse entire sites offline as ZIM files; durable and portable.
- [Perkeep](https://perkeep.org/) - Content-addressed personal storage system (formerly Camlistore) for permanently keeping your data.
- [Conifer](https://conifer.rhizome.org/) - Hosted high-fidelity web archiving (formerly Webrecorder.io).
- [Kopia](https://kopia.io/) - Fast, cross-platform, end-to-end encrypted backup to your own cloud or local storage.
- [Syncthing](https://syncthing.net/) - Continuous, peer-to-peer, encrypted file sync with no central server.
- [Backrest](https://github.com/garethgeorge/backrest) - Web UI and scheduler for restic backups.
- [Vorta](https://vorta.borgbase.com/) - Desktop GUI for BorgBackup, simplifying encrypted, deduplicated backups.
- [Duplicati](https://www.duplicati.com/) - Free encrypted backup software with a web UI for many cloud/storage backends.
- [autorestic](https://github.com/cupcakearmy/autorestic) - Declarative YAML wrapper for restic to automate multi-location backups.
- [Gatus](https://github.com/TwiN/gatus) - Lightweight, config-driven health/uptime dashboard and status page you self-host.
- [Kener](https://kener.ing/) - Modern, self-hosted, batteries-included status page and uptime monitor.
- [Statping-ng](https://github.com/statping-ng/statping-ng) - Self-hosted status page and service monitoring with notifications.
- [Cachet](https://cachethq.io/) - Well-known open-source status page system to communicate site and service health.
- [muffet](https://github.com/raviqqe/muffet) - Fast website link-checker CLI that crawls your live site to catch link rot.
- [htmltest](https://github.com/wjdp/htmltest) - Tests generated HTML for broken links and bad references; ideal in a static-site CI pipeline.
- [LinkChecker](https://github.com/linkchecker/linkchecker) - Mature tool to recursively check websites for broken links.

## Design, Accessibility and Performance

- [MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/) - The primary reference for HTML, CSS, JavaScript, HTTP, accessibility, and web APIs.
- [Can I Use](https://caniuse.com/) - Web-feature compatibility across browsers and versions.
- [WAVE](https://wave.webaim.org/) - Visual evaluation of page accessibility problems.
- [axe-core](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core) - Automated accessibility engine embeddable in tests and browsers.
- [Pa11y](https://pa11y.org/) - Command-line tools and dashboard for recurring accessibility tests.
- [Lighthouse](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/) - Audit of performance, accessibility, best practices, and technical SEO.
- [WebPageTest](https://www.webpagetest.org/) - Detailed load testing on real devices, locations, and connections.
- [PageSpeed Insights](https://pagespeed.web.dev/) - Combines lab data and, when available, real Chrome metrics.
- [Yellow Lab Tools](https://yellowlab.tools/) - Detects excess JavaScript, CSS, fonts, DOM, and other weight problems.
- [Squoosh](https://squoosh.app/) - Local image conversion and compression in the browser.
- [ImageMagick](https://imagemagick.org/) - Automates image resizing, conversion, and optimization.
- [Eleventy Image](https://www.11ty.dev/docs/plugins/image/) - Generates modern formats, sizes, and responsive images during the build.
- [Web Sustainability Guidelines](https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/) - W3C guidelines to reduce environmental impact and improve digital durability.
- [HTML5 Boilerplate](https://html5boilerplate.com/) - Tested base for web documents, metadata, and server config.
- [The A11Y Project](https://www.a11yproject.com/) - Checklist, patterns, and practical resources to make personal sites inclusive.
- [WebAIM Contrast Checker](https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/) - Canonical color-contrast checker for meeting WCAG requirements.
- [Sa11y](https://sa11y.netlify.app/) - In-page accessibility QA assistant that flags content issues visually for authors.
- [Colorable](https://colorable.jxnblk.com/) - Interactive tool to test text/background color combinations against contrast ratios.
- [HTMLHint](https://htmlhint.com/) - Configurable static linter for HTML to keep markup clean and valid.
- [SVGO](https://github.com/svg/svgo) - Node tool to optimize and shrink SVG files, reducing page weight.
- [Sharp](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) - High-performance Node image-processing library for resizing and compressing images.
- [oxipng](https://github.com/oxipng/oxipng) - Fast multithreaded lossless PNG optimizer.
- [pngquant](https://pngquant.org/) - Lossy PNG compressor that greatly reduces size with minimal quality loss.
- [jpegoptim](https://github.com/tjko/jpegoptim) - Utility to optimize and compress JPEG files for lighter pages.
- [PurgeCSS](https://purgecss.com/) - Removes unused CSS to shrink stylesheets, improving speed and sustainability.
- [critical](https://github.com/addyosmani/critical) - Extracts and inlines above-the-fold critical CSS to speed up first render.
- [Website Carbon Calculator](https://www.websitecarbon.com/) - Estimates a page's carbon emissions, supporting the sustainability principle.
- [Ecograder](https://ecograder.com/) - Scores a website's environmental impact and gives efficiency recommendations.
- [CO2.js](https://developers.thegreenwebfoundation.org/co2js/) - Open library to estimate the carbon emissions of digital services.
- [Green Web Foundation](https://www.thegreenwebfoundation.org/) - Checks whether a site runs on green hosting and provides open datasets and tools.
- [Modern Font Stacks](https://modernfontstacks.com/) - Curated system-font stacks that render instantly with zero downloads.
- [Fontsource](https://fontsource.org/) - Self-host open-source fonts via npm packages, removing third-party font CDNs.
- [Fontshare](https://www.fontshare.com/) - Free, high-quality typeface library with self-hostable font files.
- [Inter](https://rsms.me/inter/) - Widely used open-source UI typeface (OFL) you can self-host.
- [IBM Plex](https://github.com/IBM/plex) - Comprehensive open-source (OFL) typeface family suitable for self-hosting.
- [Pico.css](https://picocss.com/) - Minimal, semantic, classless CSS framework for elegant, lightweight sites out of the box.
- [Water.css](https://watercss.kognise.dev/) - Drop-in classless stylesheet that styles plain HTML with no markup changes.
- [Simple.css](https://simplecss.org/) - Classless CSS starter that makes semantic HTML look good with almost no page weight.
- [Sakura](https://oxal.org/projects/sakura/) - Tiny classless CSS theme for minimalist personal pages.
- [MVP.css](https://andybrewer.github.io/mvp/) - Minimalist classless stylesheet for quickly styling HTML-only sites.
- [Tufte CSS](https://edwardtufte.github.io/tufte-css/) - Stylesheet emulating Tufte's book typography with sidenotes; popular for essay-style sites.
- [98.css / XP.css](https://jdan.github.io/98.css/) - Design systems recreating classic Windows UIs for playful, characterful personal sites.
- [modern-normalize](https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize) - Small, modern CSS normalization for consistent cross-browser rendering.

## Community and Inspiration

- [IndieWebCamp](https://indieweb.org/IndieWebCamp) - Collaborative meetups where participants discuss, design, and implement their own sites.
- [Homebrew Website Club](https://indieweb.org/Homebrew_Website_Club) - Informal meetings to work on personal sites and trade practical help.
- [IndieWeb Chat](https://chat.indieweb.org/) - Public support channels on dev, WordPress, events, and general use.
- [IndieWeb Events](https://events.indieweb.org/) - Calendar of online and in-person meetups.
- [IndieWeb Principles](https://indieweb.org/principles) - Principles like owning your data, using what you build, documenting, and prioritizing experience.
- [IndieMark](https://indieweb.org/IndieMark) - A levels model to visualize identity, publishing, syndication, and interaction capabilities.
- [IndieWeb Examples](https://indieweb.org/IndieWeb_Examples) - Real sites to study implementations, post types, and design solutions.
- [IndieWeb Tutorials](https://indieweb.org/tutorials) - Index of tutorials and practical guides; confirm dates since technical instructions age.
- [IndieWeb Carnival](https://indieweb.org/IndieWeb_Carnival) - Monthly round of themed writing distributed across participating blogs.
- [32-Bit Cafe](https://32bit.cafe/) - Community and resources for building personal sites, learning HTML, and escaping standardized layouts.
- [Bring Back Blogging](https://bringback.blog/) - Campaign and directory to encourage frequent publishing on your own blog.
- [People and Blogs](https://peopleandblogs.com/) - Interviews with personal-blog authors, useful for discovering tools, routines, and motivations.
- [Web We Want](https://webwewant.fyi/) - Collection of needs and ideas for a more human, open, interoperable web.
- [A Website Is a Room](https://a-website-is-a-room.net/) - Collective exploration of the site as a personal, social, and creative space beyond the platform feed.
- [Tildeverse](https://tildeverse.org/) - Federation of public-access UNIX "tilde" servers where members build personal pages.
- [HTML Energy](https://html.energy/) - Community and movement celebrating hand-written HTML and personal websites, with events and jams.
- [MelonLand Forum](https://forum.melonland.net/) - Active forum and wiki for the old/personal-web revival, webrings, and Neocities-style building.
- [SadGrl.online](https://sadgrl.online/) - Hub of webmastering guides, a layout generator, and resources encouraging indie sites.
- [Blaugust](https://blaugust.net/) - Annual month-long event encouraging people to (re)start personal blogging, with mentors and a Discord.
- [Recurring Creative Challenges](https://challenges.stefanbohacek.com/) - Directory of recurring indie-web and creative challenges that drive personal-site activity.
- [Yesterweb](https://yesterweb.org/) - Influential anti-corporate "reclaim the web" community and webzine.

## Learning Web Development

- [HTML for People](https://htmlforpeople.com/) - Free, friendly book teaching absolute beginners to build a website by hand.
- [Interneting Is Hard](https://internetingishard.netlify.app/) - Polished, beginner-friendly HTML & CSS tutorial series for people starting from zero.
- [Learn to Code HTML & CSS](https://learn.shayhowe.com/) - Classic, clearly written beginner-to-intermediate HTML/CSS guide by Shay Howe.
- [The Odin Project](https://www.theodinproject.com/) - Free, open-source full-stack curriculum; a strong path for building and hosting your own site.
- [web.dev Learn](https://web.dev/learn/) - Structured modern courses on HTML, CSS, and responsive design.
- [Josh Comeau's Blog](https://www.joshwcomeau.com/) - Deep, approachable CSS/JavaScript tutorials for leveling up a hand-built site.

## IndieWeb Architecture

A coherent deployment can be understood as eight layers. Not all need to exist on day one.

| Layer | Function | Minimum viable | Possible evolution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | Make the domain the primary identity | Domain, HTTPS, `h-card`, `rel=me` links | IndieAuth, WebFinger, verifiable keys |
| Content | Publish at your own URLs | CMS or generator, HTML, permalinks | Post types, taxonomies, search, archives |
| Discovery | Make updates subscribable | RSS or Atom | JSON Feed, h-feed, WebSub, directories |
| Interaction | Converse between sites | Plain links | Webmention, replies, likes, moderation |
| Authoring | Publish from devices and apps | CMS panel or Git | Micropub and specialized clients |
| Reading | Follow other people | RSS reader with OPML | Microsub server and social client |
| Distribution | Find an audience without losing the origin | Manual sharing | POSSE, Bridgy, ActivityPub, newsletter |
| Resilience | Keep the site alive and migratable | Export and local copy | 3-2-1 backups, monitoring, archiving |

## Recommended Stacks

- **Beginner, no server admin** — Own domain + Micro.blog + RSS/JSON Feed + optional Buttondown.
- **Best balance for most** — WordPress on reliable hosting + a semantic theme + IndieWeb + Webmention + Semantic Linkbacks + IndieAuth + Micropub + external backups.
- **Static, fast, versioned** — Eleventy/Hugo/Astro + Git + Codeberg/GitHub + Cloudflare Pages/Netlify + microformats2 + RSS + Webmention.io + webmention.app + Bridgy Fed + GoatCounter.
- **Compact self-hosting** — GoBlog + Caddy + SQLite + Docker Compose or systemd + Restic + Uptime Kuma.
- **Git publishing with Micropub** — Indiekit + Eleventy/Astro + Git repo + Quill/Micropublish + Webmention.io or webmentiond.
- **Hand-made and minimal** — Hand-written HTML/CSS + h-card/h-entry/h-feed + RSS + static hosting + Webmention.io.

## Choices by Need

| Need | First choice | Alternative | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Start with no code | Micro.blog | Bear Blog or Mataroa | Micro.blog has the broadest IndieWeb integration |
| Full CMS | WordPress + IndieWeb plugins | Known | WordPress has a more predictable ecosystem |
| Files + Git | Eleventy | Hugo or Astro | Choose by language and workflow |
| Publish from phone | Micropub + Quill | Compatible native client | Verify create, edit, media, and categories |
| Receive Webmentions on static site | Webmention.io | webmentiond | Store copies if interactions matter |
| Send Webmentions | webmention.app | Telegraph | Integrate into the build to avoid manual work |
| Join the Fediverse | Bridgy Fed | WordPress ActivityPub plugin | Preserve your own URLs as canonical |
| Self-hosted reader | FreshRSS | Miniflux | Both export OPML and have good clients |
| Private analytics | GoatCounter | Plausible or Umami | Collect only what you need |
| Local comments | Remark42 | Isso | Webmention can coexist with traditional comments |
| Public photos | Piwigo | Lychee | Immich is better as a personal library than a sole public gallery |
| Podcast | Castopod | Podlove | Keep the domain and feed under your control |
| Public bookmarks | Shaarli | Linkding | Shaarli favors publishing; Linkding favors organization |
| Page archiving | ArchiveBox | HTTrack | Also back up the original files |
| Backup | Restic | BorgBackup | Test restoration, not just the run |

## Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please read the [contribution guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) first.

## License

[![CC0](https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/88x31/svg/cc-zero.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)

To the extent possible under law, the contributors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.